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University of Toronto
Mississauga
GGR 329H5F: Environment and the Roots of
Globalization
Instructor: Pierre
Desrochers
Lectures: Monday 3-5 PM
Phone: (905) 828-5206
Office: Davis Building, room 3273
Lecture room: IC 345
E-mail: pierre.desrochers@utoronto.ca
GGR 329H5F - Primary Syllabus and Mandatory
Readings
LECTURE 1: Is Geography (and
Climate) Destiny? Part I
• On the history of geographical thought> General references Geography " on
Wikipedia .The Dictionary of Human Geography .
Blackwell Publishers.
All Possible Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas , 4th
revised edition. Oxford University Press.Academic War over the Field of Geography': The
Elimination of Geography at Harvard, 1947-1951 ," Annals of the
Association of American Geographers 77 (2): 155-172. The
Four Traditions of Geography ." Journal of Geography , Vol.
63 no. 5: 211-216. A
New Look at the Four Traditions of Geography ." Journal of
Geography , Vol. 75 no. 9: 520-530.The
Four Traditions of Geography ." About.com: Geography .> Geographical (or environmental)
determinism
Politics
Book 7,
VII
The spirit of laws , Volume 1 , Printed for J. Nourse and
P. Vaillant, 1750.Griffith Taylor and Environmental Determinism ." Herbert
Spencer (1820-1903) " University Scholars Programme, National
University of Singapore (November 6).The Social Origins of Environmental
Determinism ," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 75
(3): 309-333. Determinism
Within Human-Environment Research and the Rediscovery of
Environmental Causation ." The Geographical Journal 174
(1) , 17–29.Climate
and Society: A Review of the Literature ." The Journal of
Conflict Resolution 4 (1): 67-82.The Problem of Nature: Environment, Culture and
European Expansion . Oxford University Press.Environmental Change and Human Development .
Oxford University Press.• Herbert Spencer, Social Darwinism and Eugenics "Herbert
Spencer, 1820-1903 ." The History of Economic Thought Website.Herbert Spencer ."
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP). Is
Social Darwinism a Myth? " History of Economics Playground
(June 4 2009)Was
Herbert Spencer Reincarnated as Julian Simon? " EconLog |
Library of Economics and Liberty , March 07.Spencer's
Law: Another Reason Not to Worry ." The Freeman | Ideas On
Liberty , August 1.The
Secret History of the Dismal Science. Part VI. Eugenics and the
Amoralization of Economics ." Library of Economics and Liberty,
May 13, 2002.Origins
of the myth of social Darwinism: The ambiguous legacy of Richard
Hofstadter's Social Darwinism in American Thought ." Journal of
Economic Behavior & Organization, March 6.Herbert
Spencer: The Defamation Continues ." LewRockwell.com, August, 28.Man
with a Plan - Herbert Spencer’s theory of everything ." The
New Yorker , August 13.An
Ignored 'Disparity' ." Jewish World Review (January 17).The
inimitable Mr Spencer ." Evolving Thoughts , August 07." A
Bleeding Heart History of Libertarian Thought – Herbert Spencer ."
Bleeding Heart Libertarians , November 16.Environmental
Determinism in Holocene Research: Causality or Coicidence? "
Area 37 (3): 303-311.Always
with us - Jeffrey Sachs’s plan to eradicate world poverty ."
The New Yorker , April 11.Geography,
Biogeography, and Why some Countries are Rich and Others are Poor ."
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America (PNAS) 101 (10): 3715-3720.Jeffrey Sachs's
Website and
Wikipedia entry and
publications .The Wealth and Poverty of Nations , W.W.
Norton & Company, pp. 3 - 28 (Ch. 1: Nature's Inequalities and Ch.
2: Answers to Geography: Europe and China).Millennium
Man ." The Globe and Mail , March 11.The
blessing of bad geography in Africa ." Vox , 6 June.Institutions
Matter, but not for everything ," Finance and Development
40 (2): 38-41.The
Geography of Poverty and Wealth ," Scientific American 284 (3): 70-75.The
End of Poverty ." Yale Economic Review , Summer 2006.>
Critics of new environmental determinists MIT
Professor Named Top Economist Under 40 - Key Study Minimizes
Geography in Formation of Rich vs. Poor Nations ." The Boston
Globe , June 15.Entrepreneurial
Responses to Poverty and Social Conflict: The Enterprise Africa!
Project ." Economic Affairs , 27 (2): 2-5.Tropics,
Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development ,"
Journal of Monetary Economics , Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages
3-39, January.Markets,
institutions and Millenium Development Goals ." Economic
Affairs , 27 (2): 14-19.Forum:
Environmentalist Thinking and/in Geography ." Progress in
Human Geography 34(1): 98-116.Institutions
Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in
Economic Development ," CEPR Discussion Papers 3643 ,
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (later published as Dani Rodrik &
Arvind Subramanian & Francesco Trebbi, 2004. "Institutions Rule: The
Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic
Development," Journal of Economic Growth , Springer, vol.
9(2), pages
131-165).Determinism
Within Human-Environment Research and the Rediscovery of
Environmental Causation ." The Geographical Journal 174
(1) , 17–29.• Environment and Diseases lecture 13, suggested readings , Malaria, for
more readings on the history and debates surrounding malaria.The Lancet (1998) on "Global
warming and vector-borne disease " between Paul Epstein, Andy Haines
and Paul Reiter.
Emerging Infectious Diseases (2000) between
Pim Martens and
Paul Reiter .Climate
Change and Mosquito-Borne Disease ." Environmental Health
Perspectives Supplements , Volume 109, Number S1, March 2001.It’s
Tires, Not Global Warming ." The Korea Times , October 4.Could
Global Warming Bring Mosquito-Borne Disease to Europe? " In
Kendra Okonski (ed.), Adapt or Die: The Science, Politics and
Economics of Climate Change , Profile Books, pp. 19-38.Under
the Weather: Climate, Ecosystems, and Infectious Disease
•On Yali and the Cargo Cult Guns, Germs,
and Steel , the Papua New Guinean politician Yali Singina
(1912-75), can be found
on the anthropological blog Savage Minds .About Yali
On cargo and cults
- and Yali's Question Diamond's
Argument about the Haves and Have-Nots
here ,
here and
here .The Bell Curve and IQ Debates The Bell
Curve ," on
Wikipedia .Michael
Hart and the Role of IQ in Human History ." View from the
Right , September 30.Shattering
Intelligence: Implications for Education and Interventions ."
Cato Unbound , November 5th.The
Inequality Taboo ." Commentary , September.Black
People 'Less Intelligent' Scientist Claims ." Times Online ,
October 17.Nobel
Scientist Who Sparked Race Row Says Sorry — I Didn't Mean It ."
Times Online , October 19.On Human Origins Early
Dispersals of HOMO from Africa ," Annual Review of
Anthropology 33: 271-296.Last-Minute
Changes - Scientific orthodoxy says that human evolution stopped a
long time ago. Did it? " The Wall Street Journal , February
12.Unexpected
origin of an early Eskimo ." Nature News , May 29.Homo
sapiens Populates the Earth: A Provisional Synthesis, Privileging
Linguistic Evidence ." Journal of World History , Vol. 17,
Issue 2.Documentary
Redraws Humans' Family Tree ." National Geographic News ,
January 21, 2003. Early
Humans Followed the Coast ." BBC News , October 5.Early
Modern Humans ." Annual Review of Anthropology , Vol. 34:
207-30, October.Ancient
Man in Greenland Has Genome Decoded ." The New York Times ,
February 10.The
Human Family Tree: 10 Adams and 18 Eves ." New York Times ,
May 2.Megafauna Extinction
Megafauna Extinction - patterns of extinction
Megafauna Extinction – people theory
Megafauna Extinction >Non-anthropogenic factors Extraterrestrial
Impact Likely Source of Sudden Ice Age Extinctions ." Brown
University, September 24, 2007.
Holocene Extinction Event Blitzkrieg On the Hunting-Gathering Lifestyle
Journal of
Economic Issues 32 (4): 1153-1161.The Ecological Indian, Myth and History ,
W.W. Norton & Company, pp. 29-43 (Ch. 1: Pleistocene Extinctions).Humankind in Prehistory: Economy, Ecology
and Institutions ." In The Political Economy of Customs and Culture ,
edited by Terry Anderson and Randy Simmons, Rowman and Littlefield
Press, pp. 157-184.
LECTURE 3: Collision at Cajamarca
•On Diamond's Historical Narrative Technology, Disease,
and Colonial Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: Essays
Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories . Brill Academic Publishers.The Jesuit & the Incas: The Extraordinary Life of
Padre Blas Valera , S. J. (The University of Michigan Press: Ann
Arbor, MI) 2003,
Chapter
One .Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia:Aztec Inca Empire The Last
of the Mohicans Sling (weapon) Atlatl Blas Valera Revisionist History How
Not to (Re)Write World History: Gavin Menzies and the Chinese
Discovery of America ." Journal of World History , Vol. 15,
Issue 2.Zheng
He's Voyages of Discovery " UCLA International Institute, April
20.International
Journal of Maritime History Gavin
Menzies: Mad as a Snake - or a Visionary? " Telegraph , August
1st.Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia:Zheng He
LECTUREs 4-5: Farmer Power, Part I & II
• Diamond's Update Diamond, Jared. 2002. "Evolution,
consequences and future of plant and animal domestication ."
Nature 418, p. 700-707, 8 August.Was
There a Neolithic Mortality Crisis? " Journal of
Population Research , Vol. 20, No.2.The
Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race ." Discover
Magazine, May, p. 64-66.
Journal of
Economic Issues 32 (4): 1153-1161.The Ecological Indian, Myth and History ,
W.W. Norton & Company, pp. 29-43 (Ch. 1: Pleistocene Extinctions).Humankind in Prehistory: Economy, Ecology
and Institutions ." In The Political Economy of Customs and Culture ,
edited by Terry Anderson and Randy Simmons, Rowman and Littlefield
Press, pp. 157-184. Agricultural
Origins and Frontiers in South Asia: A Working Synthesis ."
Journal of World Prehistory 20 (1): 1-86.Origin
of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals linked to
early Holocene climate amelioration ." Current Science 87
(1): 54-59.Archeology
and Global Change: The Holocene Record ," Annual Review of
Environment and Resources 30: 409-440.Archaeology:
Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed ." Science 7
January: Vol. 307. no. 5706, pp. 34 - 35.The Genetically Modified Crop Debate
in the Context of Agricultural Evolution ," Plant Physiology 126:
8-15.
The Slow Birth of Agriculture ,"
Science 282
(5393): 1446.Gourd,
Bottle - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Stand l." University of
Florida IFAs Extension HS602.• Eastern Agricultural Complex Eastern
Agricultural Complex ." About.com: archaeology.Eastern
Agricultural Complex ." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Columbian
Exchange ." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Spud
we like - In praise of the humble but world-changing tuber ."
The Economist , February 28, 2008.History
of the potato - Wonder-food ." The Economist , February 28,
2008.The
Columbian Exchange ." History Now , Issue 12, June 2007.The
Columbian Exchange: Plants, Animals, and Disease between the Old and
New Worlds ." National Humanities Center.Mr
Columbus’s Economic Bombshell ." BBC History, May, p. 41-43. The
Columbian Exchange and the Reversal of Fortune ." Cato Journal
27 (1): 91-107.• Current controversies GGR
333 (Energy and Society) Webpage . See lecture 3,
mandatory and
suggested readings.After
10,000 Years of Agriculture, Whither Agronomy? " Agronomy
Journal , 100: S-40-S-52.
LECTURE 7: Germs and "Virgin
Soils"
• Travels and Diseases Wilson, Mary D. 1995. "Travel
and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases ." Emerging
Infectious Diseases 1 (2).Technology, Disease, and Colonial Conquests,
Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: Essays Reappraising the Guns and
Germs Theories , Brill Academic Publishers, pp. 127-165.Technology, Disease, and
Colonial Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: Essays
Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories , Brill Academic Publishers,
pp. 167-210.• Debates on the importance of diseases in the conquest of Mexico When
half of the population died: the epidemic of hemorrhagic fevers of
1576 in Mexico ." FEMS Microbiology Letters , Vol. 240
Issue 1, November 2004.Large
Epidemics of Hemorrhagic Fever in Mexico 1545–1815 ." American
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 62(6), 2000, pp.
733–739.
Journal of Interdisciplinary
History 24 (1): 1-29.Cocoliztli
or Cocolitzli? Indigenous Hemorrhagic Fever and The Spanish Conquest ."
Earth/matriX , February 3.Disease
Tracker Wants to Rewrite Mexican History ." BanderasNews ,
October issue.
Journal of Interdisciplinary
History 25 (3): 397-431.• Animal Diseases The
Murrain Now Known As Rinderpest ." Newsletter of the
Tropical Agriculture Association, U.K., 20 (4) 14-16 (2000). History
of battle against rinderpest, Animal Production and Health (APH) ,"
Joint FAO/IAEA Programme.• Broad Academic Overviews The
Research Program of Historical Ecology ." Annual Review of
Anthropology , Vol. 35: 75-98 (October).
Rationalizing Epidemics. Meanings and Uses of American Indian
Mortality since 1600 . Harvard University Press.Holocene
Biodiversity: An Archaeological Perspective from the Americas ,"
Annual Review of Anthropology (October), Vol. 25, Pages
105-126.• On Charles Mann's 1491
Geographical Review
96 (3): 478-513.Separate
but Equal? " Review of Charles C. Mann's 1491: New Revelations
of the Americas before Columbus . New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
2006.The
Myth of the Passive Indian - Was America before Columbus just a
"continent of patsies"? " Reason magazine (April).• Foreign Diseases, Native Americans and Ecological Disturbances Population
History of American Indigenous Peoples ." From Wikipedia ,
the free encyclopedia.The
Secret of El Dorado - Transcript ." Horizon (BBC). Neglected
Crops - 1492 from a Different Perspective , FAO Plant Production
and Protection Series, no. 26.Disease
History on the Northwest Coast: A Microcosm, or a Unique Region? "
(Review of Robert Boyd's The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence:
Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among
Northwest Coast Indians 1774-1874 ), H-Net Review (April).Amazonian
Archaeology . " Annual Review of Anthropology , Vol. 38:
251-266 (Volume October 2009).In
Defense of 'The Ecological Indian' ," paper presented at the
Ninth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies,
Edinburgh, Scotland, September 9, 2002.Lewis
and Clark: Aboriginal Overkill, and the Myth of Once Abundant
Wildlife ," Proceedings of the Conference "A Confluence of
Cultures: Native Americans and the Expedition of Lewis and Clark,"
May 28-30, University of Montana - Missoula.Wilderness & Political Ecology:
Aboriginal Influences & the Original State of Nature , The University
of Utah Press.> . > > . > Earthmovers
of the Amazon ." Science, February 4, Vol. 287:786-789.The
Myth of the Passive Indian - Was America Before Columbus Just a
'Continent of Patsies'? " Reason Online , April.• Neo (Green) Colonialism Conservation
Refugees ." Orion Online , November-December.DeGregori,
Thomas R. 2002. "The Environment, our
Natural Resources, and Modern Technology," Iowa State Press.• Varia USDA
Forest Service - Change Changes Everything ." Prometheus: The
Science Policy Weblog , February 1st.Were
'Cursed' Rams the First Biological Weapons? " NewScientist.com ,
26 November. Cracking
the Khipu Code ." Science , June 13.Cattle
Plague: A History. By C. A. Spinage. Published by Kluwer/Plenum
Publishers, New York, USA. 2003. 770 Pages. ISBN 0-306-47789-0,
US$249.50 (Hardback) ." Journal of Wildlife Diseases ,
40(3), 2004, pp. 612-613.Metropolitan
Life on the Mississippi ." The Washington Post , March 12.• Ted Turner's Bison Operations Bisonomics ."
PERC Report , Vol. 25 No. 3.
LECTURE 9: Writing, Technology and
Government
LECTUREs 10-11: Around the World, Part
I & II
Suggested readings
• Chinese History "Chinese
writing '8,000 years old' ." BBC News, May 18, 2007. • African History What
Slavery Did To Africa ." The Toronto Star , February 3.> South Africa
History of South Africa on Historyworld.net In
Focus: The Battle of Blood River, 16 December 1838 ." South
African History Online.The
Zulu Military Organization and the Challenge of 1879 ."
Military History Journal , Vol 4 No 4. Firepower
and Firearms in the Zulu War of 1879 ." Military History
Journal , Vol 4 No 6. Shaka
Zulu and Visual Constructions of History ." Screening the Past ,
June 30.The
Defeat of History in the Film Zulu ." Military History Journal ,
Vol 10 No 4.African
languages ," Wikipedia , the free encyclopediaBantu ,"
Wikipedia , the free encyclopediaThe
Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. By Christopher Ehret.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2002. 481 + xiv pp.
Maps and illustrations. $22.50 (paper). " Journal of World
History , Vol. 15, Issue 2.Myths
of British Ancestry ." Prospect Magazine , October 2006.Malaria
and the Peopling of Early Tropical Africa ." Journal of World
History , Vol. 16, Issue 3.
LECTURE 12: Is Geography (and
Climate) Destiny? Part II
Jaschik, Scott. 2005. "‘Guns,
Germs, and Steel’ Reconsidered ." Inside Higher Ed, August 3.Jared
Diamond, Guns, Germs And Steel; The Fates Of Human Societies,
Jonathan Cape, 1997, £18. 99, pp 480. " Galton Institute Home
Page (February).History
Upside Down ." Gene Expression , November 11.The
European Miracle: The Importance of the Middle Ages ." The Mises
Institute, Dec. 12.Antipode 35 (4): 813-817(5)Determinism
Within Human-Environment Research and the Rediscovery of
Environmental Causation ." The Geographical Journal 174
(1) , 17–29.• Malaria
Saving
Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of
Resistance . The National Academies Press, 2004, 388 pp.The
Case of the DDT Deniers - Kenya Crazy Talk ." National Review
Online , November 29.Malaria
Eradication in the Americas: A Retrospective Analysis of Childhood
Exposure ." August 17.Evolutionary
and Historical Aspects of the Burden of Malaria ." Clinical
Microbiology Reviews , October 2002, p. 564-594, Vol. 15, No. 4.The
Mighty Quinine ." Molecule of the Month.The
History of Malaria in England ." The Wellcome Trust, December
1st. Killing
Malarial Mosquitos Now! " Townhall.com ,
October 4.W.H.O.
Supports Wider Use of DDT vs. Malaria ."
The New York Times ,
September 16. The
Mosquito Killer ." Gladwell.com , July 2.Greenwood, Brian.
2006. "Lessons
from Italy ."
Nature ,
441, 933-934, 22 June.The
Malaria Atlas Project: Developing Global Maps of Malaria Risk ."
PLoS Med. 3(12): e473.
Medical Department, United States Army, Preventive Medicine In World
War II, Volume VI - Communicable Diseases: Malaria , Medical
Department, United States Army.Global
Problem of Malaria, Biology of Malaria Parasites and Implications
for Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria and Detection Methods ."
Center for Biologics Research and Review Food and Drug
Administration, Malaria Workshop, July 12.WHO
malaria figures are 'flawed' ." BBC News, August 30.'Roll
Back Malaria, Roll in Development'? Reassessing the Economic Burden
of Malaria ." Population and Development Review , Volume
35, Issue 1, Pages 53 - 87.It’s
Tires, Not Global Warming ." The Korea Times , October 4.
2007. "Global
Warming Won’t Spread Malaria ."
EIR
Science & Environment ,
April 7. Could
Global Warming Bring Mosquito-Borne Disease to Europe? " In
Kendra Okonski (ed.), Adapt or Die: The Science, Politics and
Economics of Climate Change , Profile Books, pp. 19-38.Climate
Change and Mosquito-Borne Disease ." Environmental Health
Perspectives Supplements , Volume 109, Number S1, March 2001.Roberts, Donald.
"DDT for
Malaria Control ." AFM - Africa Fighting Malaria. Snow, Bob & John Ouma, "Report
prepared for Roll Back Malaria, Resource Network on Epidemics, World
Health Organisation ." July 1999.Plasmodium
Species Infecting Humans ." Tulane University. New
World, New Discoveries: Malaria & Quinine ." RCP Heritage -
The healing power of plants , April 24, 2006.Eradication
of Malaria in the United States (1947-1951) ." National Center
for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases, April 23,
2004.> Malaria in Ontario Malaria
in Canada? " Mysteries in Canada , October 30.Malaria
- A Rideau Mythconception ." Rideau Reflections , Winter/Spring
Ed.History
of the Rideau Lockstations - Malaria on the Rideau ."
Special Issue of Antipode (volume 35, no. 4, 2003):
Review Symposium: Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel.
Eight Eurocentric Historians , Guilford Press, 228 pp.,
August 2000.WHO | Control of
Neglected Tropical Diseases is Feasible • Malaria
Malaria Journal
on "Towards
a research agenda for global malaria elimination ."
aBetterEarth.Org - Insecticides, DDT, and the Malaria Epidemic The Malaria Website of the
Wellcome Trust The WHO on Malaria Africa Fighting Malaria Malaria Site: Comprehensive
Malaria Website The History
of Malaria, an Ancient Disease Malaria (WHO)
Lecture 4 (Jan
23): Farmer Power, Part I (Deadline for Term Paper
proposal)