5. According to Food First and other critics, what is the "Blue Revolution" and how did it work out in the shrimp production sector? How do Tim Lang and Michael Heasman define food injustice?

20. What are the main benefits of standards and grades? Those of brands?

24. What is the defining characteristic of oilseeds? What is the main Canadian contribution to the oilseed industry? Where are most Canadian sunflowers grown? What are the main obstacles that Southern American soy producers have had to contend with? Which soybean variety is credited with significantly extending the range of soybean production in Ontario? Why and how do soybeans need to be processed before being fed to animals? What other alternative approach to using soybeans as animal food is currently being examined?

26. What have been the main trends in recent years in terms of grain and horticultural crops? How significant have the latter become compared to the former? Where has most of this growth taken place?
27. Name two of the four main environmental advantages of the oil palm crop.
28. Name two of the three main issues associated with oil palm cultivation.
29. List and describe briefly five (5) crucial processes in coffee production.
30. According to your professor, what are the general pros and cons of eating meat versus plant food?
31. According to your professor, what are the main characteristics of modern industrial livestock production?
32. List 3 advantages of domesticating (as opposed to hunting) animals. What were the three main different environments in which pigs used to be raised? What is pannage? List two (2) historical advantages and two (2) historical disadvantages in keeping pigs as opposed to ruminants
33. What were the main improvements that took place in dairy production in North America during the 19th century?
34. What are "broilers"? Why was the practice of keeping them indoors developed? What are "layers"? Why are they typically kept in cages?
35. List and discuss briefly three (3) solutions or approaches put forward by Carl Safina to improve the state of the world's fisheries
36. What are the traditional ways of preventing soil salinity while irrigating? What is "virtual water"? What does the old expression "dying of summer complaint" refer to?
37. What was historically probably the most important animal disease? What happened to the cattle herds of Europe between 1857 and 1866? What happened in Ethiopia in 1887 and following years? List four (4) ways of dealing with it in the more distant or more recent past.
38. Why did seed producers emerge historically? What were their main advantages? (List four (4) factors in each case.)
39. List three (3) traditional ways of fighting agricultural pests other than pesticides. What were the three main traditional ways of supplying nitrogen (N) to crops? According to Richard Cowen, what is guano? Why was it so valuable to agricultural producers? What kind of geographical and biological environment is conducive to its formation?
40. What are the raw materials used in the most modern version of the Haber-Bosch process? In 2000, how much ammonia per week was produced worldwide through this process? Which country produced the most? How much more useful nitrogen do current Haber-Bosch converters produce compared to the first plants built during World War I?
41. According to the US EPA, what is a pesticide and how does it differ from an insecticide? What are Combi-Packs and what are their main advantages? Why does Blake Hurst dismiss the argument that hybrid seeds won't grow without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers?
42. What is plasticulture? What are its main benefits? What are the two main advantages of using plastics for storing grain or silage as opposed to conventional silos? According to your professors, what are food additives? What are their main uses?
43. What is (or rather what could be) the Anthropocene? What was the main environmental impact of the about 10 million humans who were alive about 8000 years ago? How much of the Earth's ice-free land are they thought to have affected?
44. List and describe briefly two (2) types of practice that can reduce the greenhouse gas emission impacts of agriculture?
45. According to Aradhana Singh, what are the two (2) main approaches to crop diversification in agriculture? According to Thomas DeGregori, why was the fact that "early agricultural staples originated as monodominant strands in harsh or marginal conditions" significant? Why does he argue that crop protection must have emerged with agriculture?
46. List five main factors that, according to Geoff Cunfer, created and came to define the so-called Dust Bowl? What is it believed by some analysts that larger farms would have helped mitigate the Dust Bowl? Why were many farms in the Dust Bowl region smaller than they perhaps should have been?
47. What is the single large human-related use of land? What are the main means to reduce methane emissions associated with livestock production? Why is Frank Mitloehner critical of the statement that livestock creates more emissions than transportation? List two (2) more basic mistakes made by people who made that original claim according to George Monbiot.
48. List four arguments put forward by analysts who argue that confined livestock practices actually reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional and free-range methods? According to George Monbiot, why isn't using a simple conversion rate of feed into meat very instructive in terms of understanding meat production? Under what conditions does meat production become a very efficient way to use resources in his opinion?
49. What are the main "standards" of organic food production according to the UK Soil Association? How does the Soil Association explain the price difference between organic and conventional products?
50. Why didn't the failure of the potato crops throughout Europe in the mid-1840s cause as much damage as it did in Ireland? Name three actions that Chinese peasants did following Mao's "lunatic" advice that, according to Frank Dikötter, soon resulted in mass starvation?
51. According to Charlebois and Boyer, what are the tree policy interventions required to achieve freer trade in agriculture? In their opinion, what steps could Canadian policy-makers take to show that they are serious about agricultural trade liberalization?
52. How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define food security? How did your professor summarize the case on behalf of agri-business and free-trade?
53. How did your professor summarize the basic tenets of food sovereignty? Name two types of human actions and two types of natural causes that often resulted in famines in the past.
54. List and describe briefly three (3) food security strategies in traditional (or agricultural subsistence) agricultural systems. List one (1) way each by which political leaders, wealthy and poor people dealt with famine in societies that had moved somewhat beyond subsistence agriculture.
55. According to your professor, what is a trade barrier and the basic principle behind it? What is a trade war? What is the main argument against trade barriers?
56. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, name two types of foods most likely to give you parasites such as helminthic roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes? According to the OMAFRA, what are the specific claims on food safety, nutrition and health attributes of organic food produced under the Canadian General Standards Board in their "Organic Production Systems General Principles and Management"? Describe one step through which people who produce both livestock and crops can try to prevent cross-contamination to occur between livestock and crops.
57. According to Marcia Eames-Sheavly, what are the four aspects that distinguish community food systems from the globalized food system?
58. According to your professor, what factors led to the abandonment of large-scale urban agriculture in the world's most economically advanced cities in the late nineteenth century? What happened at the same time in the countryside? Again according to your professor, name two long-term trends that became especially apparent from that time on.