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University of Toronto Mississauga
Department of Geography • WINTER 2012

GGR 287H5S: Food and Globalization

 

 Instructor: Pierre Desrochers

 

 Lectures: Thursday 10-12 AM

 

 Phone: (905) 828-5206

 Office: Davis Building, room 3273

 

 Lecture room: IB 245

 

 E-mail: pierre.desrochers@utoronto.ca

 

GGR 287H5S - Primary Syllabus and Mandatory Readings

Primary Syllabus and Mandatory Readings

Lecture Schedule

Lecture 1 (January 5): Introduction
Lecture 2 (January 12): Historical Perspective I
Lecture 3 (January 19): Historical Perspective II
Lecture 4 (January 26): Commodities I (Deadline for review essay proposal)
Lecture 5 (February 2): Commodities II
Lecture 6 (February 9): Term Test (Questions)
Lecture 7 (February 16): (Guest lecture TBA)
               (February 23): Reading Week
Lecture 8 (March 1): Commodities III
Lecture 9 (March 8): Agricultural Inputs, Technologies and Food Additives
Lecture 10 (March 15): Policy Controversies I: Environment, Biotechnologies and Organic Production
Lecture 11 (March 22): Policy Controversies II: Food Security, Subsidies and Barriers to Trade
Lecture 12 (March 29): Policy Controversies III: Urban Agriculture, Locavorism and Urbanization
Supplementary Material: Policy Controversies IV: Canada (This material will not be covered this year, but I leave it here for those of you who will write a term paper on a Canadian topic)
Final Exam: TBA

Lecture 1: Introduction

Suggested readings


• Substantial references

Godfray, H. Charles J. 2010. "Introduction: The Future of the Global Food System." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) 365 (1554) (September): 2769-2777.

Kearney, John. 2010. "Food Consumption Trends and Drivers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) 365 (1554) (September): 2793-2807.

Johnson, D. Gale. 2000, "Population, Food, and Knowledge," American Economic Review 90, 2000, p. 1-14.

DeGregori, Thomas R. 2009. "The Green Washing of the Green Ideological Agenda: In Defense of Modern Agriculture, Technology and Life." 

Wimberley, Ronald C. et al. 2003. Food from Our Changing World: The Globalization of Food and How Americans Feel About It, North Carolina State University.

• Shorter texts

Robert, Paul. 2009. "Spoiled: Organic and Local is so 2008." Mother Jones (February)

Kotkin, Joel. 2010. "America's Agricultural Angst." Forbes (January 19)

Timmer, Peter C. "A World without Agriculture? The Historical Paradox of Agricultural Development." AEI Outlook May 2009.

Cowen, Tyler. 2006. "Can You Really Save the Planet at the Dinner Table? - An economist's critique of The Omnivore's Dilemma." Slate.com, November 1st.

Cunningham, Brent. 2011. "Pastoral Romance." Lapham's Quarterly (Summer).


SUGGESTED LINKS

Eames-Sheavly, Marcia. Discovering the Food System: An experiential learning program for young and inquiring minds. Cornell University.

World Bank. 2007. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture and Development, Policy Briefs.
- Growth
- Poverty Reduction
- Climate Change
- Gender
- The 'Three Worlds' of Agriculture Briefs

AUDIOS
"Farmers: What do you think of Pollan's Ideas?" Talk of the Nation (National Public Radio), Oct. 8, 2009.

VIDEOS
IFPRI - Millions Fed, Proven Solutions

"Pollan and Hurst Debate the Future of Agriculture" Market to Market (Iowa Public Television), July 16, 2010.

The Meatrix

Gapminder. Hans Rosling on 200 countries, 200 years, 4 minutes

Mike Rowe Works on Farming, Fishing, Food

Lectures 2-3: Historical Perspective I-II

Suggested readings


• General
Philipps, Lynne. 2006. "Food and Globalization." Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 37-57.

von Braun, Joachim and Eugenio Dνaz-Bonilla. 2008. Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. Oxford University Press and International Food Policy Research Institute, Chapter 1: Globalization of Agriculture and Food, Causes, Consequences, and Policy Implications.

• Insect Agriculture
Bernhard Stadler and Anthony F.G. Dixon. 2006. "Ecology and Evolution of Aphid-Ant Interactions." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36: 345-372.

• Cannibalism
Peter Foges. 2011. "What Does It Taste Like?" Lapham's Quarterly (Summer).

• Cooking and Early Agriculture
Mason, Daniel. 2011. "Balanced Diets." Lapham's Quarterly (Summer).

Pringle, Heather. 1998. "Reading the Signs of Ancient Animal Domestication." Science 282 (5393): 1448.

Smith, Bruce D. 2006. "Eastern North America as an Independent Center of Plant Domestication." Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States 103 (33): 12223-12228.

Chapter 7: Biodiversity and the Technology of Cooking: Uncultivated foods and the technology of cooking / Chapter 8: Uncultivated Greens - the Nutritional Values / Chapter 9. Uncultivated foods and daily diets in Farhad Mazhar, Daniel Buckles, P.V. Satheesh, and Farida Akhter. Food Sovereignty and Uncultivated Biodiversity in South Asia: Essays on the Poverty of Food Policy and the Wealth of the Social Landscape.
Academic Foundation/IDRC International Development Research Centre, 2007.

• Transition towards the Modern Era
Adams, Edward Francis and Louis Adelbert Clinton. 1899. The Modern Farmer in his Business Relations: A Study of Some of the Principles underlying the Art of Profitable Farming and Marketing, and of the Interests of Farmers as Affected by Modern Social and Economic Conditions and Forces. San Francisco: N.J. Stone Company, pp. 11-17.

• Green Revolution (History)
- General
"Fueling the Green Revolution." U.S. Department of Agriculture & Agricultural Research Service, October 10, 2003.

"Women and The Green Revolution." Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United States.

"Critique on the Green Revolution" Livelihood 2005.

Borlaug, Norman, & Dowswell, Chris. 2004. "Responses to Discussion Questions." Cyberspace Discussion, January 5 - 9.

Borlaug, Norman E. 2002. "Feeding a World of 10 Billion People: Our 21st Century Challenge." Inaugural lecture, Borlaug Lecture Series, Iowa State University, October 15.

Borlaug, Norman E. 1970. "The Green Revolution, Peace, and Humanity." Nobel Lecture, December 11.

Conko, Greg. 2009. "The Man Who Fed the World." OpenMarket.org, September 13.

DeGregori, Thomas R. "Green Myths against the Green Revolution."

Hesser, Leon. 2006. The Man Who Fed the World. Durban House Publishing.

Leonard, Andrew. 2009. "The Paradox of Norman Borlaug." Salon, Sept. 14.

Miller, Henry I. 2006. "History and Culture: The Man Who Launched the Green Revolution." Hoover Digest, no 4.

Murray H. Milford and ECA Runge. 2008. "Beachell and Borlaug: Two Giants of the American Society of Agronomy's First Century." Agronomy Journal 100 Supplement 3: S-1-S-3.

- Norman Borlaug
"Norman Borlaug" Wikipedia 

"Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient Norman Borlaug." Medal of Freedom.com.

Rosset, Peter. 2000. "Lessons from the Green Revolution." Food First - Institute for Food and Development Policy, March/April.

Sanchez, Pedro. 2004. "The Next Green Revolution." New York Times, October 6.

Shiva, Vandana. 1991. "The Green Revolution in the Punjab." The Ecologist, Vol. 21, No. 2, March-April.

Zeyen, Richard. "Yaqui Valley Farmers Provide Eternal Resting Place for Their Friend and Our Colleague, Norman Borlaug."

Zeyen, Richard, Carol Ishimaru, Marty Dickman & Christine Richardson. "Norman Borlaug: Plant Pathologist/Humanitarian."

• Recent Controversies
Potrykus, Ingo. 2005. "Missing a Golden Rice opportunity." The Economic Times, December 26.

Taverne, Dick. 2007. "The Real GM Food Scandal." Prospect Magazine, November.


SUGGESTED LINKS
• General
Agropolis Museum - Food and Agricultures of the World

The Food Timeline

• Transition to Modern Era
Wessels Living History Farm (York, Nebraska)

• Green Revolution
A short video in which Norman Borlaug explains his work and the future of agricultural science.

The Norman Borlaug Heritage Foundation

Navdayana (critics)

Lectures 4-5-8: Commodities I-II-III

Suggested readings


• Plants
- Potato
McNeill, William H. 1999. "How the Potato changed World History." Social Research 66 (1): 67-83.

-Wheat
J. M. Prescott, P. A. Burnett, E. E. Saari, J. Ranson, J. Bowman, W. de Milliano, R. P. Singh, G. Bekele. Wheat Diseases and Pests: A Guide for Field Identification. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.

Olmstead, Alan L., & Paul W. Rhode, "Biological Globalization: The Other Grain Invasion," in Timothy J. Hatton, Kevin O'Rourke, & Alan M. Taylor, (eds.), The New Comparative Economic History: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey G. Williamson (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007), pp. 115-140.

University of Nebraska–Lincoln. 2010. Wheat Disease Management.

Lupton, F. "Advances in work on breeding wheat with improved grain quality in the twentieth century." The Journal of Agricultural Science (2005), 143: 113-116.

-Corn
Claudia Reinhardt and Bill Ganzel. 2003. "The Science of Hybrids." Living History Farm (York, Nebraska).

-Grasslands
Hopkins, A., and R. J. Wilkins. "Temperate grassland: key developments in the last century and future perspectives." The Journal of Agricultural Science (2006), 144: 503-523.

- Soybeans
Gibson, Lance, and Garren Benson. 2005. "Origin, History, and Uses of Soybean (Glycine max)."  Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy.

"How Soybeans are Used." North Carolina Soybean Producers Association, Inc.

"Trends in U.S. Agriculture - Oats and Soybeans." National Agricultural Statistics Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

• Animals
- Domesticated Land Animals
Randal R. Rucker and Walter N. Thurman. 2012. Colony Collapse Disorder: The Market Response to Bee Disease. PERC Policy Series: PS-50.

Smil, Vaclav. 2002. "Eating Meat: Evolution, Patterns and Consequences," Population and Development Review 28 (4): 599-639.

UN FAO 2010. The State of Food and Agriculture 2009: Livestock in the Balance.

Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production. 2008. Final Report: Putting Meat on The Table: Industrial Farm Animal Production in America.

Critchell, James and Raymond Joseph Troubridge. 1912. A History of the Frozen Meat Trade: An account of the development and present day methods of preparation, transport, and marketing of frozen and chilled meats. London: Constable & Company Ltd., pp. 1-17.

- Fisheries, Seafood and Aquaculture
- Fisheries
* Overview
UN FAO. 2004. The State of the World Fisheries

Welcomme, Robin L. et al. 2010. "Inland Capture Fisheries" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) 365 (1554) (September): 2881-2896.

* Problems and solutions
OECD. 2010. While Stocks Last?

Burnett, H. Sterling. Ph.D. 2007. "Ocean Fisheries: Common Heritage or Tragic Commons?" Brief Analysis No. 581, National Center for Policy Analysis, February 27.

Ellis, Richard. 2008. "The Bluefin Tuna in Peril." Scientific American, June 24.

Garcia, Serge M. and Andrew Rosenberg. 2010. "Food Security and Marine Capture Fisheries: Characteristics, Trends, Drivers and Future Perspectives" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) 365 (1554) (September): 2869-2880.

Gissurarson, Hannes. 2000. Overfishing: the Icelandic Solution. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.

Hannesson, Rφgnvaldur. "The Privatization of the Oceans." The Independent Review, Vol. 11 No 3, Winter 2007.

Leal, Donald R. 2002. "Fencing the Fishery - A Primer on Ending The Race for Fish." Property and Environment Research Center (PERC).

Marra, John. 2005. "When will we tame the oceans?" Nature 436: 175-176, 14 July.

- Aquaculture
* Historical Perspective
Geoffrey Kron. 2005. "Possible Evidence for the Aquaculture of Tilapia in GrecoRoman Antiquity." Revue d'histoire comparιe de l'environnement.

Herminio R. Rabanal. 1988. "History of Aquaculture." FAO.

Whit Richardson. 2011. "The Mastery of Fish." Lapham's Quarterly (Summer).

* Overview and controversies
AIMS & CAI. 2006. Aquaculture: The Blue Revolution. Autumn 2006.

Halweil, Brian. 2008. "Farming Fish for the Future." WorldWatch Report 176.

FAO - IIRR - World Fish Center. 2001. Integrated agriculture-aquaculture - A primer. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper #407.

Alder, Jacqueline, Brooke Campbell, Vasiliki Karpouzi, Kristin Kaschner, and Daniel Pauly. 2008. "Forage Fish: From Ecosystems to Markets." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 33: 153-166.

Naylor, Rosamond & Marshall Burke. 2005. "Aquaculture and Ocean Resources: Raising Tigers of the Sea." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30: 185-218.

Rosamond L. Naylor et al. 2009. "Feeding Aquaculture in an Era of Finite Resources." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (36): 15103?15110.


SUGGESTED LINKS

• Plants
- General
USDA. National Agricultural Library Plants and Crops

- Potato
International Year of the Potato
International Potato Center (CGIAR center)
The Potato Museum

- Corn
Dolan DNA Learning Center (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Explosives Origins of Corn
- Maize (Corn) Genome Completed

• Animals
- Land Animals
USDA. National Agricultural Library Animals and Livestock

Pew Commission on Industrial Animal Farm Production

- Fisheries, Seafood and Aquaculture
USDA. National Agricultural Library. Aquaculture

GreenFacts.org on Fisheries

The OECD on fisheries

UN FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

• Videos
Sushi and the End of the Southern Bluefish Tuna (2009)

Global Sushi: Soft Powers and Hard Realities

Lecture 9: Agricultural Inputs, Technologies and Food Additives

Suggested readings


• Fertilizers
Brunt, Liam. 2007. "Where There's Muck, There's Brass: The Market for Manure in the Industrial Revolution." The Economic History Review, Vol. 60 No. 2, pp. 333-372.

Frink, Charles R., Paul E. Waggoner, & Jesse H. Ausubel. "Nitrogen fertilizer: Retrospect and prospect." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, Issue 4, pp. 1175-1180, February 16, 1999.

Martinez, Ibsen. 2008. "Reflections from Latin America - Guano." Library of Economics and Liberty, August 4.

Smil, V. 2005. "Nitrogen in modern European agriculture." In: Scholliers, P., L. Van Molle and C. Sarasua, eds. Land, Shops and Kitchens: Technology and the Food Chain in Twentieth-Century Europe. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, pp. 110-119.

• Pests
Avery, Alex A. 2006. Organic Pesticide Use: What we Know and don't Know about Use, Toxicity, and Environmental Impacts. Crop Protection Products for Organic Agriculture. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. pp. 58-77.

Bahlai, Christine A, Yingen Xue1, Cara M. McCreary, Arthur W. Schaafsma and Rebecca H. Hallett. 2010. "Choosing Organic Pesticides over Synthetic Pesticides May Not Effectively Mitigate Environmental Risk in Soybeans." Plos One 5 (6).

David Moore, Geoffrey D. Robson and Anthony P. J. Trinci. 2010. 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi.

E.-C. Oerke. 2006. "Centenary Review: Crop Losses to Pests." Journal of Agricultural Science 144: 31-43.

Entine, Jon. 2011. Scared to Death. How Chemophobia Threatens Public Health. A Position Statement of The American Council on Science and Health. American Council on Science and Health.

Insects and Other Arthropods, ARS Image Gallery.

National Research Council (Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens). 1996. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet. A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances. National Academy Press

P. E. Russell. 2005. "Centenary Review: A Century of Fungicide Evolution." Journal of Agricultural Science 145 (1): 11-25.

• Animal Diseases

"Laying a global cattle killer to rest" BBC News, 20 May 2011.

"World declared "free" from deadly cattle disease" United Nations Radio, 28 June 2011.

"Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme" FAO.

"Disease Facts - Rinderpest" Institute for Animal Health.

• Seeds
Boudreaux, Karol. 2006. "Seeds of Hope: Agricultural Technologies and Poverty Alleviation in Rural South Africa." Policy Comment No. 6, EnterpriseAfrica!, September 8.

Canadian Seed Trade Association. 1995. The Merchants of Seeds: A History of the Canadian Seed Industry.

A brief history of the UK seed producer Suttons

A brief history of the Gallatin Valley Seed Company

Tripp, Robert. 2002. Seed Provision & Agricultural Development: The Institutions of Rural Change. Overseas Development Institute.

Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2004. Report of the Seed Sector Advisory Committee.

• Water
Salzman, James. 2006. "Thirst: A Short History of Drinking Water." Duke Law School Faculty Scholarship Paper Series. Paper 31.

SUGGESTED LINKS

• Animal Reproductive Technologies
USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Animal Reproduction

• Seeds
Smithsonian Institutions Library on The American Seed and Nursery Industry

• Pest Management
USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Pest Management

American Phytopathological Society "Common Names of Plant Diseases"

CBC News In Depth - The Pesticide Debate

Lecture 10: Policy Controversies I: Environment, Biotechnologies and Organic Production

Suggested readings


• Environment (General)
Avery, Dennis T. 2003. "Sustaining Both Planet and People: The Moral Challenge of the 21st Century," University of Maryland's First Annual Conference on Hunger, October 14.

Erle Ellis and Navin Ramankutty. 2009. "Anthropogenic biomes." Encyclopedia of Earth.

McNeill, J.R. and Verena Winiwarter. 2004. "Breaking the Sod: Humankind, History, and Soil." Science 304 (5677) (June 11): 1627-1629.

Thomas E. Dahl and Gregory J. Allord. 1997. "History of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States." United States Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2425.

• Biodiversity and monocultures
Angelson, A. and D. Kaimowitz (edited by). 2001. Agricultural Technologies and Tropical Deforestation. CABI Publishing in association with Center for International Forestry Research.

• Biotechnologies
Cayford, Jerry. 2003. "Breeding Sanity into the GM Food Debate" Issues in Science and Technology, Winter.

Prakash, C. S. and Gregory Conko. 2004. "Technology for Life: How Biotech Will Save Billions from Starvation." The American Enterprise (March): 16-20.

Haruko Okusu. 2009. "Biotechnology Research in the CGIAR: An Overview." AgBioForum 12 (1).

Herdt, Robert W. 2006. "Biotechnology in Agriculture." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31: 265-295 (November).

McWilliams, James E. 2009. "Could Frankenfoods be Good for the Environment?" Slate, January 28.

Susman, Megan M. 2000. "Biotechnology in Food and Agriculture - Facts and Fears." Progressive Policy Institute, May 1.

Trewavas, Anthony. "A Critical Assessment of Organic Farming-and-Food Assertions With Particular Respect to the UK and the Potential Environmental Benefits of No-Till Agriculture." Crop Protection 23 (2004) 757-781.

Andrew, Toby. 2002. "Lost in the Maize." Spiked Online.

• Organic
About.com - An Overview of Some Common Organic Pesticides

Alan D. Dangour, Sakhi K. Dodhia, Arabella Hayter, Elizabeth Allen, Karen Lock and Ricardo Uauy. 2009. "Nutrional Quality of Organic Foods: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93 (6): 680-685.

Center for Consumer Freedom
- "Eco-Unfriendly Organic?" June 17, 2010
- "Spraying Context on Organic Pesticides Claims," May 27, 2010
- "Organic's Nutritional Superiority (Still) Nonexistent," May 27, 2010

Brian Dunning. 2007. "Organic Food Myths." Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, Inc., (January 5).

Byrne, Jay, Gregory Conko, Jon Entine, Tony Gilland, Thomas Jefferson Hoban, Patrick Moore, Andrew S. Natsios, Martina Newell-McGloughlin, Robert L. Paarlberg, C.S. Prakash, & Carol Tucker Foreman. Let Them Eat Precaution. How Politics Is Undermining the Genetic Revolution in Agriculture, Edited by Jon Entine. AEI Press (Washington) January 2006.

Report from the Bichel Committee (Danish Government). 2001. Organic Scenarios for Denmark.

Winter, Carl K. and Sarah F. Davis. 2006. "Organic Foods." Journal of Food Science 71 (9): R117-R124.

• Meat Production and the Environment
Nierenberg, Danielle. 2005. "Happier Meals: Rethinking the Global Meat Industry." Worldwatch Paper #171 (September).

UN FAO. 2006. Livestock Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options.

SUGGESTED LINKS

• Environment (General)
Anthromes: The Global Ecological Patterns Created by Humans

European Commission (European Union). Agriculture and Rural Development - Agriculture and the Environment

• Meat Production and the Environment
Mitloehner, Frank. 2009. Clearing the Air: Livestock's Contribution to Climate Change (Power Point Presentation)

Pitesky, Maurice E., Kimberly R. Stackhouse and Frank F. Mitloehner. 2009. "Clearing the Air: Livestock's Contribution to Climate Change." Advances in Agronomy 103: 1-40.

Toronto Vegetarian Association. 2007. Meat's Production Environmental Toll.

• Biotechnologies
The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology

A debate on the future of GM technologies, Spiked-Science Debates.

"Frankenfood" Frenzy on ReasonOnline. A pro-technology Website, but with several links to GM opponents.

"Harvest of Fear," a 2001 Nova (PBS) documentary.

WHO (World Health Organization) on
- Biotechnology (GM Foods) and Nanotechnology

• Organic Production
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements

International Organic Inspectors Association

Organic Materials Review Institute

OMAFRA. Organic Agriculture (in Ontario)

Public Works and Government Services Canada. Organic Agriculture

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Organic Production

Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Organic Products

Canadian Consumer Information Gateway - Organic Food

The Soil Association (UK)

Intelligence2 USA (February 2010): Is Organic Food Marketing Hype?

Lecture 11: Policy Controversies II: Food Safety and Security, Subsidies and Barriers to Trade

Suggested readings


• Food Safety

Encyclopedia Britannica. 1911. Food Adulteration.

Marc T. Law. 2010. "History of Food and Drug Regulation in the United States." In Robert Whaples (ed.) EH.Net Encyclopedia.

EPA et al. 1999. "Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Safer and Healthier Foods." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 48 (40): 905-913.

FAO. 1995. Codex Alimentarius: How it All Began. FAO.

Richard Williams, Robert L. Scharff, and David Bieler. 2010. "Food Safety in the 21st Century." Mercatus on Policy no. 71 (February).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Estimates of Foodborne Illness In the United States: 2011 Estimate Findings."

Elaine Scallan, Robert M. Hoekstra, Frederick J. Angulo, Robert V. Tauxe, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Sharon L. Roy, Jeffery L. Jones, and Patricia M. Griffin. 2011. "Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States-Major Pathogens." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (1).

Elaine Scallan, Patricia M. Griffin, Frederick J. Angulo, Robert V. Tauxe, and Robert M. Hoekstra. 2011. "Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States-Unspecified Agents." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (1).

• Hunger and Food Security
- Overview
FAO. 2009. The State of Food Insecurity - Economic Crises: Impacts and Lessons Learned.

Murton, Brian. 2000. "Famine" in Kenneth F. Kiple and Kriemhild Coneθ Ornelas (eds) Cambridge World History of Food. Cambrige: Cambridge University Press, VI. 4, 1411-1427.

Currey, Bruce and Graeme Hugo. (ed) 1984. Famine as a Geographical Phenomenon. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

- Ancient History
Garnsey, Peter. 1999. Food and Society in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge University Press.

Garnsey, Peter. 1988. Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis. Cambridge University Press.

Stathakopoulos, Dionysios Ch. 2004. Famine and Pestilence in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Empire: A Systematic Survey of Subsistence Crises and Epidemics. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

- Recent History
Baro, Mamadou, and Tara F. Deubel. 2006. "Persistent Hunger: Perspectives on Vulnerability, Famine, and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 521-538 (October).

Christiaensen, Luc. 2009. "Revisiting the Global Food Architecture: Lessons from the 2008 Food Crisis." UNU WIDER Discussion Paper.

Shaw, D. J. 2007. World Food Security since 1945. (Book launch, Overseas Development Institute).

- Current Controversies

FAO. 2004. Globalization of Food Systems in Developing Countries: Impact on Food Security and Nutrition, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 83

Charlotte Hebebrand and Kristin Wedding. 2010. The Role of Markets and Trade in Food Security. Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Gerald Nelson, Amanda Palazzo, Claudia Ringler, Timothy Sulser and Miroslav Batka. 2009. The Role of International Trade in Climate Change Adaptation. Issue Brief #4. ICTSD (International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development) and IF&ATPC (International Food and Agricultural Policy Trade Council).

Dalziel, G. R. 2009. "Food Defence Incidents 1950-2008: A Chronology and Analysis of Incidents Involving the Malicious Contamination of the Food Supply Chain." Nanyang Technological University.

Tierney, John. 2008. "Greens and Hunger." The New York Times, May 19.

Garrett, Laurie. 2008. "Food Failures and Futures." Center for Geoeconomic Studies (Council on Foreign Relations) Working Paper, May 15.

Bradsher, Keith, & Andrew Martin. 2008. "World's Poor Pay Price as Crop Research Is Cut." The New York Times, May 25.

Irvine, Ian. 2008. Viewpoint on the World Food Crisis, Economic Note, Montreal Economic Institute, May.

Paul Teng PHD, "Food (In)Security in Uban Population." Asia Security Initiative Policy Series, Working Paper no. 5, August 2010.

Gerald Nelson, Amanda Palazzo, Claudia Ringler, Timothy Sulser and Miroslav Batka. 2009. The Role of International Trade in Climate Change Adaptation. Issue Brief #4. ICTSD and IF&ATPC.

• Subsidies and Barriers to Trade
Griswold, Dan. 2006. "Grain Drain: The Hidden Cost of U.S. Rice Subsidies." Trade Briefing Paper No. 25, Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies, November 16.


SUGGESTED LINKS

• Food Safety
WHO on Food Safety

FAO on Food Safety and Quality

CDC on Food Related Diseases

USDA. Food Safety Research Office

Second Annual Sheela Basrur Symposium - "Foods, Fads, Facts and Fictions… How Safe is our Food?" (May 25, 2010).

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs on:
- food safety
- food safety and traceability

US EPA. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

• Food Security
Global Food Security - Bibliography and links

Special issue of Science Magazine on food security (February 11, 2010).

Special issue of Issues in Science and Technology on food security (Summer 2009).

Special issue "Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Patterns on Society," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 14 (2), Autumn 1983.

Special Issue (open access) on "Food Security: Feeding the World in 2050." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) 365 (1554), September 27, 2010.

"Malnutrition and Hunger." Copenhagen Consensus 2004 (very good survey papers and critiques).

The Earth Institute (Columbia University) on Food Security

The Ripple that Drowns: Twentieth Century Famines as Economic History. The Tawney Memorial Lecture 2007, Cormac O' Grada.

FAO. 2009. World Summit on Food Security
- Issues Briefs
- List of documents

• Subsidies and Barriers to Trade
Kick all agricultural subsidies (kickAAS)

• Food Sovereignty
La Via Campesina on food sovereignty

Pimbert, Michel. 2009. "Towards food sovereignty: reclaiming autonomous food systems." IED (International Institute for Environment and Development).

Annette Aurιlie Desmarais, Nettie Wiebe, Hannah Wittman (eds). 2011. Food Sovereignty in Canada: Creating Just and Sustainable Food
Systems
. Fernwood Publishing. Chapter 1: Nurturing Food Sovereignty in Canada.


Lecture 12: Policy Controversies III: Urban Agriculture, Locavorism and Urbanization

Suggested readings


• Urban Agriculture
Robert Kunzig. 2011. "The City Solution - Why cities are the best cure for our planet's growing pains." National Geographic Magazine (December).

Charles W. Lesher. Urban Agriculture: A Literature Review, USDA.

Mark Redwood. 2008. Agriculture in Urban Planning. Generating Livelihoods and Food Security. Earthscan/IDRC.

Luc J.A. Mougeot. 2005. Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. Earthscan/IDRC 2005.

Maria Caridad Cruz and Roberto Sαnchez Medina. 2003. Agriculture in the City: Key to Sustainability in Havana, Cuba. Ian Randle Publishers/IDRC

Olanrewaju B. Smith. 1999. Urban Agriculture in West Africa. Contributing to Food Security and Urban Sanitation. IDRC/CTA

Auxumite G. Egziabher, Diana Lee-Smith, Daniel G. Maxwell, Pyar Ali Memon, Luc J.A. Mougeot, and Camillus J. Sawio (eds). 1994. Cities Feeding People. An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa. IDRC.

• Locavorism
- Substantial Reports
Rai Chi, Kelly, James McGregor and Richard King. 2009. Fair Miles: Recharting the Food Miles Map. IIED and Oxfam.

Desrochers, Pierre and Hiroko Shimizu. 2008. "Yes We Have No Bananas: A Critique of the Food Mile Perspective." Mercatus Policy Series, Policy Primer No. 8.

Garnett, Tara. 2008. Cooking Up a Storm: Food, Greenhouse Emissions and our Changing Climate, Food Climate Research Network (University of Surrey).

McIntyre, Lynn, and Kristen Rondeau. 2011. "Individual consumer food localism: A review anchored in Canadian farmwomen's reflections." Journal of Rural Studies 27 (2) (April): 116-124.

Saunders, Caroline, & Peter Hayes. 2007. "Air Freight Transport of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables." Research Report No. 299, Lincoln University.

Saunders, Caroline, Andrew Barber and Greg Taylor. 2006. Food Miles - Comparative Energy/Emissions Performance of New Zealand's Agriculture Industry, Lincoln University, Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit (AERU), Research Report 285. Chapters 1-6, 8.

Watkiss, Paul et al. 2005. "The Validity of Food Miles as an Indicator of Sustainable Development." DEFRA Report ED50254.

Halweil, Brian. 2002. "Home Grown: The Case for Local Food in a Global Market." WorldWatch paper #163, Worldwatch Institute.

Steve Martinez, Michael Hand, Michelle Da Pra, Susan Pollack, Katherine Ralston, Travis Smith, Stephen Vogel, Shellye Clark, Luanne Lohr, Sarah Low and Constance Newman. 2010. Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues. Economic Research Report #97. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service.

- Varia
"History of Urban Agriculture." Sprouts in the Sidewalk.

"Locavores"

Sanderson, Allen R. 2007. "De Minimis." The Library of Economics and Liberty, September 3.

Sellick, Karen. 2008. "The Buy Locally-Owned Fallacy." Library of Economics and Liberty, November 3.

Econtalk (audio)"Boudreaux on the Economics of Buy Local," April 16, 2007.

-. "Food Movement 'Harms Environment'." BBC News, July 15, 2005.

Averill, Victoria. 2007. "African Trade Fears Carbon Footprint Backlash." BBC News, February 21.

Bennett, Drake. 2007. "The localvore's dilemma." The Boston Globe, July 22.

Cowen, Tyler. 2010. "The Economics of Air Freight" Marginal Revolution, April 18.

Desrochers, P., & Hiroko Shimizu. 2008. "Buy Global - The 'Food Mile' Perspective Severely Distorts the Environmental Impacts of Agricultural Production." National Post, November 7.

Edwards-Jones, Gareth. 2006. "Food Miles don't go the Distance." BBC News Viewpoint, March 16.

Foster, Peter. 2008. "Just Plain Bananas." National Post, November 7.

Freakonomics » The Inefficiency of Local Food

Walmart's Agriculture Heritage Program


SUGGESTED LINKS

• Urban Agriculture
USDA on
- Community gardening
- Urban agriculture
- Community food systems and civic agriculture

• Locavorism
IATP | Local Foods

The Locavore.ca (Sarah Elton's blog)

PlanetGreen.com on the 100 mile challenge

Southwestern Ontario Locavore

Special issue "Local Food - Perceptions, Prospects and Policies" of Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farms, and Resource Issues 25 (1) 2010.

Toronto Food Policy Council

Twigs Way and Mike Brown. 2010. Digging for Victory: Gardens and Gardening in Wartime Britain. Sabrestorm Publishing.

Video: USDA (World War II):Victory Garden

Policy Controversies IV: Canada

Suggested readings


• History of Canadian Agriculture
"Agriculture, History of."The Canadian Encyclopedia.

• For Trade Liberalization
Goldfarb, Danielle. 2009. Making Milk: The Practices, Players, and Pressures behind Dairy Supply Management. Conference Board of Canada.

Charlebois, Sylvain and Richard Pedde. 2008. A Bushel Half Full: Reforming the Canadian Wheat Board. E-brief #68, CD Howe Institute.

Grenon, Ιric. 2007. The Stabilization Insurance program and the crisis in the pork industry, Economic Note, Montreal Economic Institute, March.

Herman, Lawrence L. 2007. American Corn and Canadian Trade Actions: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back. E-brief #42, CD Howe Institute.

Petkantchin, Valentin. 2006. Reforming Dairy Supply Management in Canada: the Austrialian Example, Economic Note, Montreal Economic Institute, January.

Goldfarb, Danielle. 2005 Canada at the WTO Negotiations: All Defence, No Offence. E-brief #20, CD Howe Institute.

Hart, Michael. 2005. Great Wine, Better Cheese. How Canada Can Escape the Trap of Agricultural Supply Management. Backgrounder no. 90, CD Howe Institute.

Petkantchin, Valentin. 2005. Dairy Production: The Costs of Supply Management in Canada, Economic Note, Montreal Economic Institute, February.

Herman, Lawrence L. 2007. American Corn and Canadian Trade Actions: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back. E-brief #42, CD Howe Institute.

• Alternative Approaches
Toronto Food Connections. 2010. Cultivating Food Connections. Toward a Healthy and Sustainable Food System for Toronto.

Metcalf Foundation. 2008. Food Connects Us All. Sustainable Local Food in Southern Ontario.

• Fisheries
Bavington, Dean. 2010. Managed Annihilation. An Unnatural History of the Newfoundland Cod Collapse
Introduction and chapter 1

Young, Nathan and Ralph Matthews. 2010. Aquaculture Controversy in Canada. UBC Press.
Introduction and chapter 1: aquaculture in global context

Neill, Robin. 2006. "It Is Farming, Not Fishing: Why Bureaucrats and Environmentalists Miss the Point of Canadian Aquaculture." How to Farm the Seas (Paper # 4), Atlantic Institute for Market Studies (AIMS), April.


SUGGESTED LINKS

• Alternative Approaches
Food Secure Canada

Metcalf Foundation (various reports)

Toronto Food Connection

Toronto Food Policy Council

• Varia
Ontario Food Terminal

Final Exam: TBA

 

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